In-Vitro-Fertilisation is a major technological breakthrough which makes it possible to have babies in the case of infertility. It is also rather expensive and challenging from an ethical perspective. The starting point of this book is: Should IVF be publicly funded in Italy? To answer this pragmatic question the research presented in the book makes use of the best methods in the field of economic evaluation of healthcare programs and provides an example of scientific rigor applied to a relevant social policy issue.